中国观念艺术发展症候分析

中国观念艺术三十多年的发展,是一场"没有坐标的运动。"中国观念艺术曾在一定时期和范围内偏离了人本主义思想的轨迹,没有沿着健康的道路发展。本文将从"后殖民化"与"本土化""智力"与"智慧""大众"与"精英"三悖论,对中国观念艺术发展的症候进行分析。     

17-4PH不锈钢480 ℃时效组织的动态演变规律

将17-4PH不锈钢锻棒固溶处理后油冷,然后选择在最佳的时效温度480 ℃时效保温0～5 h后空冷。通过光学显微镜(OM)、超景深显微镜、XRD、显微硬度仪等测试方法观察固溶、时效过程的组织演变和分析其沉淀硬化机理;采用电阻仪间接测试ε-Cu相动态时效析出过程对电阻的影响;并利用摩擦磨损试验机测试其耐磨性能。研究发现:17-4PH不锈钢固溶和时效过程没有残留奥氏体和逆转变奥氏体出现,热处理后出现板条状和块状两种马氏体形态,板条状马氏体硬度高于块状马氏体,随着时效时间的延长,两种马氏体硬度同步上升,时效析出明显提高了固溶态组织的硬度;时效2.0～2.5 h附近强化效果和耐磨性能最弱,可能与ε-Cu 相长大及与位错交互作用有关;硬度随时效时间的变化趋势与电阻正好相反。     

Nanoporous copper sonocatalysts prepared by dealloying Cu–Al–Ti amorphous ribbons

ABSTRACT

Nanoporous copper (NPC) with a controllable ligament width was prepared by chemically dealloying Cu₄₅Al₄₅Ti₁₀ amorphous ribbons in dilute HCl solution. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed the 3D, bicontinuous, nanoporous structure constituting fcc-Cu ligaments of 39–79?nm thickness. The coarsening of NPC ligaments increased significantly with an increase of HCl concentration, reaction temperature or time. The surface diffusivity and activation energy of NPC were also calculated. Finally, the catalytic activity of NPC was validated with the ultrasound and H₂O₂-assisted degradation of methyl orange (MO), where 99% MO was degraded within 15?min.     

Efficient hybrid algorithm based on moth search and fireworks algorithm for solving numerical and constrained engineering optimization problems

The Journal of Supercomputing - The moth search algorithm (MS) is a novel intelligent optimization algorithm based on moth population behavior, which can solve many problems in different fields....     

热变形工艺对含硫非调质钢流变应力及组织的影响

在变形温度950~1150 ℃和应变速率0.01~5 s^-1下,通过Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机进行单道次压缩试验,研究了热变形工艺对含硫非调质钢F45MnVS流变应力及组织的影响。结果表明:随着应变速率的增大,热压缩过程中的峰值应力增加,随着温度的升高,峰值应力降低;动态再结晶平均晶粒尺寸随着应变速率、变形量的增加而减小,随着温度的提高而增大。     

Effects of Al content on the corrosion properties of Mg–4Y–xAl alloys

The corrosion performances of Mg–4Y–xAl (x = 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt%) alloys in the 3.5% NaCl electrolyte solution are investigated by electrochemical tests, weight loss measurement and corrosion morphology observation. The results indicate that corrosion modes for the alloys are localized corrosion and the filiform type of attack. With Al concentration increasing from 1 to 4 wt%, the corrosion rate of Mg–4Y–xAl alloys decreases firstly and then increases, and WA42 alloy shows the best corrosion resistance. The addition of Al element to Mg–4Y alloys leads to the formation of Al₂Y and Al₁₁Y₃ intermetallic compounds and reduces the proportion of Mg₂₄Y₅ phase. Corrosion resistance of the Mg–4Y–xAl alloys mainly depends on the size and distribution of the second phases. Besides, the addition of excessive Al can greatly consumes the Y element in the matrix, thus leading to a less protective film on the alloys. The effect of the relative Volta potential changes between the second phases and α-Mg on corrosion resistance of Mg–4Y–xAl alloys is insignificant. The main corrosion products of the Mg–4Y–xAl alloys are Mg(OH)₂, Mg₃(OH)₅Cl·4H₂O, Mg_0.72Al_0.28(CO₃)_0.15(OH)_1.98(H₂O)_0.48, and Mg₄Al₂(OH)₁₂CO₃·3H₂O.     

薄壁弱刚性钛合金结构件制造工艺

随着新型材料冶金技术的发展与进步,钛合金作为“崛起的第三代金属”已完全替代了铝镁合金和钢构件,成为航天飞行器上应用范围最广的材料之一。从某新研制航天飞行器外部结构件用钛合金材料的特性及切削特点入手,针对薄壁弱刚性钛合金结构件在实际加工过程中遇到的诸多难点,提出了相应的解决办法,并重新设计了零件工装。结果表明,改进措施不仅保证了零件质量,而且提高了零件加工效率,使单件零件的生产周期缩短了近10h。     

A Complexing Agent to Enable a Wide-Temperature Range Bromine-Based Flow Battery for Stationary Energy Storage

Bromine-based flow batteries (Br-FBs) are considered one of the most promising energy storage systems due to their features of high energy density and low cost. However, they generally suffer from uncontrolled diffusion of corrosive bromine particularly at high temperatures. That is because the interaction between polybromide anions and the commonly used complexing agent (N–methyl–N–ethyl–pyrrolidinium bromide [MEP]) decreases with increasing temperatures, which causes serious self-discharge and capacity fade. Herein, a novel bromine complexing agent, 1–ethyl–2–methyl–pyridinium bromide (BCA), is introduced in Br-FBs to solve the above problems. It is proven that BCA can combine with polybromide anions very well even at a high temperature of 60 °C. Moreover, the BCA contributes to decreasing the electrochemical polarization of Br⁻/Br₂ couple, which in turn improves their power density. As a result, a zinc–bromine flow battery with BCA as the complexing agent can achieve a high energy efficiency of 84% at 40 mA cm⁻², even at high temperature of 60 °C and it can stably run for more than 400 cycles without obvious performance decay. This paper provides an effective complexing agent to enable a wide temperature range Br-FB.     

Facile preparation and strong adhesive strength of honeycomb polyurethane films with small pore diameter

With the continuous development of bionics, such as, geckos and virginia creeper with both superhydrophobic and super-adhesive, the surface wetting and super-adhesive properties of various porous materials have attracted extensive attention of the scientific and medical communities. Here, the honeycomb polyurethane (PU) porous films with strong adhesion were successfully prepared by microphase separation method and the effects of growth parameters on their microstructure and adhesive strength to ice were investigated. It was found that a high relative humidity (e.g., 100%) and a low solution concentration (e.g., 2%) facilitated the formation of ordered honeycomb PU porous films, and as-prepared PU pores with average pore diameter as small as 5 μm are better ordered and more uniform than these in related documents. Although the contact angle of water droplets on the surface of PU porous films increased from the premodification value of 85–130° to more than 160° after surface modification with polydopamine (PDA), the corresponding rolling angle remained approximately constant (180°), indicating that the surface of PU porous films has strong adhesion similar to geckos and virginia creeper. Furthermore, at lower temperature, the PU porous films exhibited the high adhesive strength of 142.13 kPa on ice, which was strongly dependent on the porous microstructures and surface compositions. The improved adhesive behavior to ice of honeycomb PU porous films modified with PDA provides new strategies for surface modification of materials and potential applications in medical domain.     

Suppressing Ion Migration across Perovskite Grain Boundaries by Polymer Additives

Passivation of organometal halide perovskites with polar molecules has been recently demonstrated to improve the photovoltaic device efficiency and stability. However, the mechanism is still elusive. Here, it is found that both polymers with large and small dipole moment of 3.7 D and 0.6 D have negligible defect passivation effect on the MAPbI₃ perovskite films as evidenced by photothermal deflection spectroscopy. The photovoltaic devices with and without the polymer additives also have comparable power conversion efficiencies around 19%. However, devices with the additives have noticeable improvement in stability under continuous light irradiation. It is found that although the initial mobile ion concentrations are comparable in both devices with and without the additives, the additives can strongly suppress the ion migration during the device operation. This contributes to the significantly enhanced electrical-field stress tolerance of the perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). The PVSCs with polymer additives can operate up to −2 V reverse voltage bias which is much larger than the breakdown voltage of −0.5 V that has been commonly observed. This study provides insight into the role of additives in perovskites and the corresponding device degradation mechanism.